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                                                                 <U><BIG>Using Roulards.</BIG></U>



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<BIG>1)  Copy !Roulards to a suitable directiry.</BIG>



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<BIG>2)  Double click on !Roulards to load it onto the Iconbar.</BIG>



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<BIG>3)  Click on Iconbar Icon  -  the following window  [main] will appear:-</BIG>



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<BIG>4)   If Desired:-</BIG>

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       <BIG>Select "Annotate"  -  This causes the parameters of the figure to appear on the actual     </BIG>

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                                                    <BIG>sprite.</BIG>

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<BIG>      and/or  "Log Data"  -  This causes the paremeters to be recorded in the text file </BIG>

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                                                    <BIG>"Roulard_Log".</BIG>



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       <BIG>Then</BIG>   <BIG>Select "Line",  "Circle"  or  "Elipse"  as required .</BIG>

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 5)      <BIG>If "Line" is selested  the following window [entry1] will  appear:-</BIG>



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 E<BIG>nter the length of the base line  in cm. - Note: this is not necessarly the length of the  </BIG>    <BIG>complete  figure.</BIG>



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<BIG>The "No. of  Loops per Pass" should be an Integer and the "Factor k" would normally lie  </BIG>

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 b<BIG>etween 0.1 and 2.0.    "Show Line ?" and "Thick Lines ?" should be entered as "y" or "n"  and the "No. of Passes</BIG> <BIG>as an  Integer (Say 1 to 5).</BIG>

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<BIG>Show Line ? = y -- The Straight Line along which the circle rolls is plotted "Thin".  </BIG>

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<BIG>Thick Lines ? = y -- The Cycloid itself is plotted 3 pixels wide. If n then "Thin" (1 pixel wide).</BIG>

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<BIG> Then enter the required Leafname of the resulting file.  If no Leafname is entered the file  will be called "Result".</BIG>

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 <BIG>When satisfied that the entries are correct, clik on "Generate".  The  following window  </BIG>

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 <BIG>[display1] will appear.</BIG>



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<BIG>This displays the chosen parameters and File Leafname.  If satisfied, click on "YES" and the figure will be drawn on the screen.  If not satisfied, click on "NO" and the display will revert to the previous window, which may be amended and the process repeated.</BIG>



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<BIG>The Figure Window has two "Buttons". If you click on "Save" {top LH corner] the figure will be saved as a sprite in the directory that holds !Roulards.</BIG>

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<BIG>If you click on "Discard" the display will revert to the previous window(s) and the process may be repeated.</BIG>

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<BIG>6)  If "Circle" is selected then the procedure is a little more complicated.  The following window will appear:-</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter the Outer Diameter of the <U>complete</U> ring figure you require and then the Inner Diameter.</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter the required value of the  "Factor k"  (0.1 to 2.0).</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter "y" or "n" in the "Draw Circle" icon. This refers to the circle about which the epicycloid is generated.</BIG>

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<BIG>"Thick Lines ?" is as for the "Line" option.</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter the Leafname, as required. (Default:  "Result")</BIG>

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<BIG>Click on "Generate" and the following window [display2a] will appear:-</BIG>

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<BIG>This will display the requested inner and outer diameters and also the radii of the large and small circles to generate the figure.  The Leafname of the result sprite file is also displayed.</BIG>

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<BIG>If all of this is OK, click on "Confirm Above"  --   Window "display2b" will appear (see next page).  This shows the "fit" to the requested dimensions when the small circle rolls round the large circle between one and ten times.  In each of these "fits" the dimensions have been adjusted if necessary so that an exact number of loops is produced.  The user may then select the "fit" that best suits the requirements.  The right hand column (Deviation) gives a measure of the necessary change in dimentions to get a given "fit".  The smaller this value, the nearer the generated figure will be to the requested dimensions.  In some cases all "Deviations" will be zero. This means that only one rotation of the small circle about the large circle is necessary as subsequent rotations will just overwrite the previous ones.</BIG>

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<BIG>When you have decided, enter the number of "Times  Round" in the approptiate icon and click on "Enter".    The selected line will be reproduced at the bottom of the window.  If this is not satisfactory click on "NO" and the "entry2" window will re-appear so that the process may be repeated with different values.</BIG>

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<BIG>If the bottom line is satisfactory, click on "YES" and the figure will be drawn on the screen. Saving etc is as for the Line case.</BIG>

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<BIG>Note that in the case of a circular figure a small cross is drawn at the centre which, when printed, can be used to aid location, cutting out the centre etc,</BIG>

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<BIG>7) If 2Elipse" is selected then the elipse entry window [entry3] will appear (See next page).  In the case of an elipse it is too complicated to work from final figure dimensions so that structural ones must be used. However, overall dimensions can be checked and modifications made if necessary.</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter the Horizontal and Vertical axes of the elipse about which the epicycloid is to be drawn,</BIG>

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<BIG>there are limits to these values set by the screen size.  Allowance has to be made for the radius of the small circle and for the value of the factot k.  A suitable upper limit for the Horizontal</BIG>

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<BIG>axis is 22 cm and for the Vertical axis 16 cm. However, either axis may be the larger, provided the max values are not exceeded.  There is no limitation in the program itself;  if the size is excessive the figure goes off the screen. (This might be acceptable in some cases.)</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter the approximate number of loops per rotation (of the small circle about the elipse). This must be an integer.</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter the factor k  (as for Line and Circle).</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter "y" or "n" to draw the basic elipse or not (always drawn "Thin").  </BIG>

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<BIG>Enter "Thick Lines ?" as y or n as for the "Line" option.</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter the Number of times the small circle is to rotate about the elipse.</BIG>

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<BIG>Enter the result file Leafname if required  and click on "Generate" --  the following window [display3a] will appear:-</BIG>



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<BIG>This gives some information about the figure.  Click on "No" if the final figure dimensions are not satifactory - the display will revert to the previous window for modification.</BIG>

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<BIG>If satisfactory, click on "Yes" and the figure will be drawn on the screen.  Saving as for Line and Circle.</BIG>

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